In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to How to Install Composer on Rocky Linux 9
Composer is a dependency manager for the programming language, PHP. It functions as some sort of project manager that helps the programmer manage dependencies that will be used on a project-to-project basis.
Installing PHP
Install PHP using the dnf package manager as shown below,
dnf install php
Output:
[root@server ~]# dnf install php
Last metadata expiration check: 2:53:03 ago on Tue 19 Jul 2022 08:34:16 PM CEST.
Package php-8.0.13-1.el9.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
Download Composer Installer
Install wget package to download files from the internet.
dnf -y install wget
Download the installer file from their official site using the wget command as shown below,
[root@server ~]# php composer-installer.php --filename=composer --install-dir=/usr/local/bin
All settings are correct for using Composer
Downloading...
Composer (version 2.3.10) successfully installed to: /usr/local/bin/composer
Use it: php /usr/local/bin/composer
Verify the PHP Composer version once the installation is done
composer --version
Output:
[root@server ~]# composer --version
Do not run Composer as root/super user! See https://getcomposer.org/root for details
Continue as root/super user [yes]? y
Composer version 2.3.10 2022-07-13 15:48:23
Testing Composer
To test your installation, run the following command.
composer
Output:
[root@server ~]# composer
Do not run Composer as root/super user! See https://getcomposer.org/root for details
Continue as root/super user [yes]? y
______
/ ____/___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____
/ / / __ \/ __ `__ \/ __ \/ __ \/ ___/ _ \/ ___/
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ (__ ) __/ /
\____/\____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/\____/____/\___/_/
/_/
Composer version 2.3.10 2022-07-13 15:48:23
Usage:
command [options] [arguments]
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Let’s Encrypt SSL with LAMP Stack on Rocky Linux 9
Let’s Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority run by Internet Security Research Group that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security encryption at no charge. In this article, we are going to learn how to install Let’s Encrypt SSL on Rocky Linux 9. So, let’s get started.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Joomla with LAMP Stack on Rocky Linux 9
Joomla is a free and open-source content management system for publishing web content on websites. Web content applications include discussion forums, photo galleries, e-Commerce, user communities, and numerous other web-based applications. In this article, we are going to learn how to install Joomla on Rocky Linux 9. So, let’s get started.
Once you’re all set, we’ll proceed with Joomla installation and configuration.
Create Database
Let us begin with creating a Database and a user. We will then grant the required privileges to the user so it can interact with the Database.
mysql -u root
CREATE DATABASE owncloud_db;
CREATE USER 'owncloud_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YOUR-PASSWORD-HERE';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON owncloud_db.* TO 'owncloud_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
QUIT
The above commands will give complete access to the user owncloud_user. Replace YOUR-PASSWORD-HERE with a safe and secure password.
Install Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate
Next, we will install the Let’s Encrypt SSL cert so we can have the domain running on HTTPS. You can refer the following link for instructions on how to Install Let’s Encrypt.
Download Joomla
Download Joomla from official website : Click here.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install LEMP Stack on Rocky Linux 9
LEMP is a combination of free, open-source software. The acronym LEMP refers to the first letters of Linux (Operating system), Nginx Server, MySQL (database software), and PHP, PERL, or Python, principal components to build a viable general-purpose web server.
Update system
First, we will update the system to the latest with the following commands,
dnf update
Install Nginx Web Server
First, we will start by installing the Nginx web server. To complete the installation, use the following command:
dnf install nginx -y
Output:
[root@server ~]# dnf install nginx -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:12:50 ago on Sat 16 Jul 2022 10:32:06 PM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el9 appstream 594 k
Installing dependencies:
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.20.1-10.el9 appstream 11 k
rocky-logos-httpd noarch 90.11-1.el9 appstream 24 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 629 k
Installed size: 1.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-10.el9.noarch.rp 34 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(2/3): rocky-logos-httpd-90.11-1.el9.noarch.rpm 60 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
Once the installation is complete, enable Nginx (to start automatically upon system boot), start the web server, and verify the status using the commands below.
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl status nginx
Output:
[root@server ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor pre>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-07-16 22:46:08 CEST; 269ms ago
Main PID: 1309 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 11120)
Memory: 2.8M
CPU: 36ms
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1309 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx"
├─1310 "nginx: worker process"
└─1311 "nginx: worker process"
To make your pages available to the public, you will have to edit your firewall rules to allow HTTP requests on your web server by using the following commands.
Verify that the web server is running and accessible by accessing your server’s IP address.
From your browser,
http://IP_address
We need to make the user Nginx the owner of the web directory. By default, it’s owned by the root user.
chown nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html -R
Install MariaDB Server
MariaDB is a popular database server. The installation is simple and requires just a few steps as shown.
yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
Output:
[root@server ~]# dnf install mariadb-server mariadb -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:13 ago on Sat 16 Jul 2022 10:32:06 PM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
mariadb x86_64 3:10.5.13-2.el9 appstream 1.6 M
mariadb-server x86_64 3:10.5.13-2.el9 appstream 9.3 M
Installing dependencies:
checkpolicy x86_64 3.3-1.el9 appstream 339 k
libaio x86_64 0.3.111-13.el9 baseos 23 k
mariadb-common x86_64 3:10.5.13-2.el9 appstream 32 k
mariadb-connector-c x86_64 3.2.6-1.el9_0 appstream 195 k
mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.2.6-1.el9_0 appstream 9.8 k
mariadb-errmsg x86_64 3:10.5.13-2.el9 appstream 188 k
mysql-selinux noarch 1.0.4-2.el9 appstream 35 k
perl-AutoLoader noarch 5.74-479.el9 appstream 30 k
perl-B x86_64 1.80-479.el9 appstream 188 k
perl-Carp noarch 1.50-460.el9 appstream 29 k
Once the installation is complete, enable MariaDB (to start automatically upon system boot), start the MariaDB, and verify the status using the commands below.
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
systemctl status mariadb
Output:
[root@server ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.5 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor p>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-07-16 22:50:32 CEST; 285ms ago
Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
Main PID: 3649 (mariadbd)
Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
Tasks: 15 (limit: 11120)
Memory: 73.0M
CPU: 599ms
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
└─3649 /usr/libexec/mariadbd --basedir=/usr
Finally, you will want to secure your MariaDB installation by issuing the following command.
mysql_secure_installation
Output:
[root@server ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
Once secured, you can connect to MySQL and review the existing databases on your database server by using the following command.
mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;" -p
Output:
[root@server ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;" -p
Enter password:
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
[root@server ~]#
Install PHP
To Install PHP-FPM by running the following command.
[root@server ~]# yum install php php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-opcache php-gd php-xml php-mbstring -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:32 ago on Sat 16 Jul 2022 10:50:35 PM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
php x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 14 k
php-fpm x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 1.6 M
php-gd x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 45 k
php-mbstring x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 474 k
php-mysqlnd x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 154 k
php-opcache x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 511 k
php-xml x86_64 8.0.13-1.el9 appstream 136 k
Once the installation is complete, enable php-fpm (to start automatically upon system boot), start the php-fpm, and verify the status using the commands below.
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl status php-fpm
Output:
[root@server ~]# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor p>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-07-16 22:55:32 CEST; 297ms ago
Main PID: 4472 (php-fpm)
Status: "Ready to handle connections"
Tasks: 6 (limit: 11120)
Memory: 12.5M
CPU: 95ms
CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
├─4472 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
├─4473 "php-fpm: pool www"
├─4474 "php-fpm: pool www"
├─4475 "php-fpm: pool www"
├─4476 "php-fpm: pool www"
└─4477 "php-fpm: pool www"
By default, PHP-FPM runs as the apache user. Since we are using the Nginx web server, we need to change the following line.
Using your favorite editor, edit the file /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.
nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
Find the below lines,
user = apache
group = apache
Change them into
user = nginx
group = nginx
Once changed, you will need to reload php-fpm,
systemctl reload php-fpm
Test your PHP, by creating a simple info.php file with a phpinfo() in it. The file should be placed in the root directory for your web server, which is /usr/share/nginx/html/.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install GNOME GUI on Rocky Linux 9
To use Rocky Linux 9 in graphical mode, you will need to install the GNOME package on the system to enable GUI. We will go through the steps required to install GNOME GUI.
Check the available package groups for Rocky Linux 9.
dnf group list
Output:
[root@server ~]# dnf group list
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:23 ago on Wed 20 Jul 2022 04:16:58 PM CEST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Custom Operating System
Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Available Groups:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
.NET Development
Graphical Administration Tools
Network Servers
Container Management
Headless Management
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Tools
RPM Development Tools
Installing Gnome GUI
Installing a Gnome GUI requires several packages to be installed on the server. Thankfully this process is simplified using the groupinstall option and all the required packages related to Gnome are grouped in the Server with GUI group.
dnf groupinstall "Server with GUI"
Output:
[root@server ~]# dnf groupinstall "Server with GUI" --skip-broken
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:30 ago on Wed 20 Jul 2022 04:51:24 PM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing group/module packages:
cups x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-13.el9_0.1 appstream 1.3 M
gutenprint-cups x86_64 5.3.4-4.el9 appstream 576 k
pnm2ppa x86_64 1:1.04-52.el9 appstream 220 k
Installing dependencies:
cups-client x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-13.el9_0.1 appstream 71 k
cups-filesystem noarch 1:2.3.3op2-13.el9_0.1 appstream 13 k
cups-filters x86_64 1.28.7-10.el9 appstream 788 k
cups-filters-libs x86_64 1.28.7-10.el9 appstream 137 k
foomatic x86_64 4.0.13-19.el9 appstream 235 k
foomatic-db noarch 4.0-72.20210209.el9 appstream 1.2 M
foomatic-db-filesystem noarch 4.0-72.20210209.el9 appstream 8.2 k
foomatic-db-ppds noarch 4.0-72.20210209.el9 appstream 58 M
ghostscript x86_64 9.54.0-7.el9 appstream 37 k
ghostscript-tools-fonts x86_64 9.54.0-7.el9 appstream 13 k
ghostscript-tools-printing x86_64 9.54.0-7.el9 appstream 13 k
poppler-cpp x86_64 21.01.0-12.el9 appstream 55 k
poppler-utils x86_64 21.01.0-12.el9 appstream 231 k
qpdf-libs x86_64 10.3.1-4.el9 appstream 634 k
cups-ipptool x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-13.el9_0.1 appstream 3.9 M
Installing Environment Groups:
To enable the GUI as default and boot into graphical mode.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install WordPress on AlmaLinux 9
WordPress is a Content Management System (CMS), a platform you can use to build and maintain a website without any knowledge of coding. This software enables you to customize just about every aspect of your site.
Prerequisites:
WordPress requires LAMP stack installed and running
Next, we secure our MariaDB installation and setup a root password for MariaDB
mysql_secure_installation
Output:
[root@server ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Creating the new Database
Log into MySQL with the following command,
mysql -u root -p
First, we’ll create a new database,
CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
Next, create a new MySQL user account that we will use to operate on WordPress’s new database, with the username “admin”
CREATE USER `admin`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY '<Enter Strong Password here>';
Link the user and DB together by granting our user access to the database,
GRANT ALL ON wordpress.* TO `admin`@`localhost`;
Flush the privileges so that MySQL knows about the user permissions we just added,
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Exit out of the MySQL command prompt by typing,
exit
Output:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER `admin`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY 'STRONG PASSWORD HERE';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON wordpress.* TO `admin`@`localhost`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Download and Extract WordPress
Download the WordPress by using the curl command and extract the downloaded file
curl https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz --output wordpress.tar.gz
tar xf wordpress.tar.gz
Copy the extracted WordPress directory into the /var/www/html directory
cp -r wordpress /var/www/html
Change permissions and change file SELinux security context
As part of our commitment to providing you with the latest and most ready-to-use service, we’ve updated the Debian Templates and synced them to all KVM nodes.
This template update process ensures that any new VPS deployed will come along with the latest available packages so you don’t have to spend time running a large initial update.
July 2022 Debian Templates
Templates for the following distributions/operating systems have been updated,
Debian 10
Debian 11
As always, any existing VPS can be updated at any time by the user, you may follow our guide for the steps required to update your VPS, Click here.
If you require any assistance at any time, please feel free to contact our support team via the client area and we’ll help you out.
As part of our commitment to providing you with the latest and most ready-to-use service, we’ve updated the AlmaLinux Templates and synced them to all KVM nodes.
This template update process ensures that any new VPS deployed will come along with the latest available packages so you don’t have to spend time running a large initial update.
July 2022 AlmaLinux Templates
Templates for the following distributions/operating systems have been updated,
AlmaLinux 8
AlmaLinux 9
As always, any existing VPS can be updated at any time by the user, you may follow our guide for the steps required to update your VPS, Click here.
If you require any assistance at any time, please feel free to contact our support team via the client area and we’ll help you out.
As part of our commitment to providing you with the latest and most ready-to-use service, we’ve updated the Rocky Linux Templates and synced them to all KVM nodes.
This template update process ensures that any new VPS deployed will come along with the latest available packages so you don’t have to spend time running a large initial update.
July 2022 Rocky Linux Templates
Templates for the following distributions/operating systems have been updated,
Rocky Linux 8
Rocky Linux 9
As always, any existing VPS can be updated at any time by the user, you may follow our guide for the steps required to update your VPS, Click here.
If you require any assistance at any time, please feel free to contact our support team via the client area and we’ll help you out.
Greetings, As part of our commitment to provide you with the latest and most ready-to-use service, we’ve updated the following templates and synced them to all KVM nodes.
This template update process ensures that any new VPS deployed will come along with the latest available packages so you don’t have to spend time running a large initial update.
Templates for the following distributions/operating systems have been updated,
CentOS 7
CentOS Stream 8
CentOS Stream 9
As always, any existing VPS can be updated at any time by the user, you may follow our guide for the steps required to update your VPS, https://wiki.crowncloud.net/?update_centos_and_ubuntu_and_debian
If you require any assistance at any time, please feel free to contact our support team via the client area and we’ll help you out.
