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In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Bitwarden on Debian 12
Bitwarden is a free and open-source password management service that stores sensitive information such as website credentials in an encrypted vault. The Bitwarden platform offers a variety of client applications including a web interface, desktop applications, browser extensions, mobile apps, and a command-line interface.
In this article, we are going to learn how to install Bitwarden on Debian 12. So, let’s get started.
The installation process will start now. It may take 5-10 mins to complete.
Complete the Instructions in the Installer
Enter your Bitwarden instance's domain name:
This value is usually the DNS record that has been set up.
Do you want to generate a free SSL certificate with Let's Encrypt? (y/n):
Enter y to use Let’s Encrypt to generate a trusted SSL certificate. Let’s Encrypt will ask you for an email address to send you expiration reminders.
Alternatively, If you have your SSL Certificate, enter n and select the option Do you have an SSL certificate to use? with y.
Fill in the following information about your installation:
For installing Bitwarden on your self-hosted server. You need to generate the installation id & installation key from the bitwarden website.
Enter the following installation ID:
For this, you will need to open their site Bitwarden Host. Enter your email address and you will be provided with an Installation ID and Key.
Enter the following installation key:
Now enter the Installation key that was provided to you.
After this, the Bitwarden installation should complete.
Environment Variables
The bitwarden.sh script does not configure all of Bitwarden’s functionalities. Edit the global.override.env environment file in ./bwdata/env/global.override.env to customize these values. At the very least, you should change the settings for:
This is a passwordless entry. Make sure you have configured SMTP services properly. Replace the bw.domainhere.info with the actual IP or domain configured on the server.
Follow the below steps:
Now you have successfully installed Bitwarden on Debian 12.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Joomla on Debian 12
Joomla is a free and open-source content management system for publishing web content on websites. Web content applications include discussion forums, photo galleries, e-Commerce, and user communities, and numerous other web-based applications.
Update the System to latest,
apt update
apt upgrade
LAMP Stack Configuration
Joomla like any other CMS application, will require a web server with Database running on the system to support it.
And since Joomla is built on PHP, we will need to install PHP as well.
Install Apache and PHP
We will now install Apache and PHP and other supporting packages by running the below command,
Since we’re using Apache web server, run the below command to get the certificate,
certbot --apache
The Certbot will take care of your renewal automatically before they expire, you would have to run the certbot again only if you make changes to your configuration. You can perform a test run with below command,
certbot renew --dry-run
Next, reload the page on the browser and it should then redirect and load the HTTPS site https://dev.domainhere.info.
Joomla Configuration
On the browser, we will configure the remaining aspects of getting our Joomla CMS up and running
Upon loading the domain, you will be prompted with setting up Language and Site Name
Enter the required details such as Username, User Account, Super User Password, and Email Address, and click on Setup Database Connection button
Enter the Database information that was configured earlier,
Enter the username and password which was set earlier,
View of the Dashboard after loggin in,
Done! This concludes the topic of installing latest version of Joomla on Debian 12.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Gitlab On Debian 12
GitLab is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking, and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc.
At the time of making this guide, the GitLab package is not available for Debian 11. You will need to edit the GitLab source file and replace the Debian 11 (Bullseye) code name with Debian 10 (Buster),
deb https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ booksworm main
deb-src https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ booksworm main
Replaced them with the following lines.
deb https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ bullseye main
deb-src https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ bullseye main
Save and close the file and update the repository using the below command,
apt-get update
Install GitLab CE
apt-get install gitlab-ce -y
Output:
root@server:~# apt-get install gitlab-ce -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
gitlab-ce
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,323 MB of archives.
After this operation, 3,164 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian bullseye/main amd64 gitlab-ce amd64 16.0.4-ce. 0 [1,323 MB]
Fetched 1,323 MB in 43s (30.7 MB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package gitlab-ce.
(Reading database ... 28668 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../gitlab-ce_16.0.4-ce.0_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gitlab-ce (16.0.4-ce.0) ...
Setting up gitlab-ce (16.0.4-ce.0) ...
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
*. *.
*** ***
***** *****
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******** ********
,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
.,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
.,,,***,,,,
,*,.
_______ __ __ __
/ ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_
/ / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ \
/ /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=16-0
Configure GitLab
Once the installation is complete, we will configure the GitLab to our requirements. Below are the edits that can be done,
nano /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
Replace the following line with your domain name,
external_url 'https://Your_Domain_Name'
Replace/Edit the following lines to enable the Let’s Encrypt SSL,
# Enable the Let's encrypt SSL
letsencrypt['enable'] = true
# This is optional to get SSL related alerts
letsencrypt['contact_emails'] = ['youremail@mail.com']
# This example renews every 1st day at 01:00 AM
letsencrypt['auto_renew_hour'] = "1"
letsencrypt['auto_renew_minute'] = "0"
letsencrypt['auto_renew_day_of_month'] = "*/1"
Save and close the file.
Let us update the repository now with the below command,
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
Output:
Recipe: registry::enable
* runit_service[registry] action restart (up to date)
Recipe: nginx::enable
* execute[reload nginx] action run
- execute gitlab-ctl hup nginx
Recipe: letsencrypt::enable
* ruby_block[display_le_message] action run
- execute the ruby block display_le_message
Recipe: monitoring::grafana
* runit_service[grafana] action restart (up to date)
Running handlers:
Running handlers complete
Chef Infra Client finished, 26/861 resources updated in 02 minutes 08 seconds
Warnings:
Let's Encrypt is enabled, but external_url is using http
gitlab Reconfigured!
Retrieve the GitLab password using following command,
cat /etc/git/initial_root_password
Output:
root@server:~# cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
# WARNING: This value is valid only in the following conditions
# 1. If provided manually (either via `GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable or via `gitlab_rails['initial_root_password']` setting in `gitlab.rb`, it was provided before database was seeded for the first time (usually, the first reconfigure run).
# 2. Password hasn't been changed manually, either via UI or via command line.
#
# If the password shown here doesn't work, you must reset the admin password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.
Password: sfC7QoruHZwNUt/WCQtyDa0uFldUUV+vdGBlitq/Bww=
# NOTE: This file will be automatically deleted in the first reconfigure run after 24 hours.
Open a browser and type the following address and You will be redirected to the GitLab login page,
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Rust on Debian 12
Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. It enforces memory safety—ensuring that all references point to valid memory—without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages.
Install Rust
Install the Rust using rustup command line tool,
Run the below command to install curl and then download the rustup command,
root@vps:~# curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.3 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
info: downloading installer
Welcome to Rust!
This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.
Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:
/root/.rustup
This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.
The Cargo home directory is located at:
/root/.cargo
This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.
The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:
/root/.cargo/bin
This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the profile files located at:
/root/.profile
/root/.bashrc
You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.
Current installation options:
default host triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
default toolchain: stable (default)
profile: default
modify PATH variable: yes
1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>
info: profile set to 'default'
info: default host triple is x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Run the below command to add the Rust toolchain directory to the PATH environment variable,
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
Verify the Installation
Verify the Rust installation by requesting the version,
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install WordPress with LAMP Stack on Debian 12
WordPress is one of the most popular website-building tools available out there. It is a simple way to get your online presence and perfect for those who do not know how to code and want a simple and effective way to share and build your story on the internet.
Setup the database so the WordPress can store in all the information. Log in to MariaDB as root user.
In this, we will create a Database, User and provide all kinds of privileges of managing the specific database to the user.
mysql -u root -p
output:
root@vps:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Now, create your WordPress database. We’re creating it with wp_database as an example, but you can name it related to the website you’re going to host.
Visit the official WordPress site to get to know the latest version available for download and also for more information on requirements of the server.
You can also use the below URL link to download the latest version at any given time.
cd /tmp
wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
Unzip the downloaded WordPress file.
tar xpf latest.tar.gz
The resulting folder will be wordpress. It contains the entire WordPress install. How and where you copy it is entirely up to you and depends on your web server configuration
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Matomo with LAMP Stack on Debian 12
Matomo, formerly Piwik, is a free and open-source web analytics application developed by a team of international developers, that runs on a PHP/MySQL webserver. It tracks online visits to one or more websites and displays reports on these visits for analysis. In this article, we are going to learn how to install Matomo on Ubuntu 22.04. So, let’s get started.
Once you’re all set, we’ll proceed with Matomo installation and configuration.
Create Database
Let us begin with creating a Database and a user. We will then grant the required privileges to the user so it can interact with the Database.
mysql -u root
CREATE DATABASE matomo_db;
CREATE USER 'matomo_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YOUR-PASSWORD-HERE';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON matomo_db.* TO 'matomo_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
QUIT
The above commands will give complete access to the user matomo_user. Replace YOUR-PASSWORD-HERE with a safe and secure password.
Install Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate
Let’s issue an SSL certificate for the domain for this we will need a snap package for Debian operating system.
We will update and install the snap package on the system:
Use the certbot command to issue a Let’s Encrypt certificate. The command will auto-detect the domains available or configured in the vHost configuration:
certbot --apache
Download Matomo
Download Matomo from official website : Click here.
Install the unzip package by following command
apt install unzip
cd /var/www/
wget https://builds.matomo.org/matomo.zip && unzip matomo.zip
rm matomo.zip
cd matomo
mkdir tmp
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install Docker On Debian 12
What is docker?
Docker is basically a container engine that uses the Linux Kernel in order to create containers on top of an operating system. Which is used to create, deploy and run the applications.
Install Docker
Install the docker using the apt package manager.
apt install docker.io docker-compose
Start and enable the docker
systemctl enable --now docker
Check Docker service
systemctl status docker
Output:
root@vps:~# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; preset: enabl>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-06-13 16:20:51 UTC; 20s ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 5345 (dockerd)
Tasks: 8
Memory: 28.0M
CPU: 930ms
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─5345 /usr/sbin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/con>
Create a group called docker,
groupadd docker
To add a user to the docker user group
usermod -aG docker $USER
If you want to add a different user, replace $USER with an existing username.
Check the docker version,
docker --version
Output:
root@vps:~# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.24+dfsg1, build 297e128
Test docker using the hello-world container.
docker run hello-world
Output:
root@vps:~# docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
We’ve transformed our control panels mobile interface to enhance accessibility and functionality. The improvements encompass an array of enhancements, starting with fixes to navigation and general element design improvements on mobile devices,
Some of the improvements are with regards to button sizes and dropdowns, for example:
and various more improvements around the panel.
We hope these improvements make using our control panel easier and seamless.
In this week’s feature highlight, we look at How to Install LAMP Stack on Debian 12
A LAMP stack is a group of open-source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps. This term is actually an acronym which represents the Linux operating system, with the Apache web server. The site data is stored in a MariaDB database, and dynamic content is processed by PHP.
Update Debian 12
apt update && apt -y upgrade
Install MariaDB Database Server
To get started with MariaDB installation, follow the below steps:
apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
Check the status of mariaDB database server
systemctl status mariadb
Output:
root@vps:~# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.3 database server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-06-12 22:47:03 UTC; 10s ago
Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
Main PID: 53736 (mariadbd)
Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
Tasks: 18 (limit: 4675)
Memory: 192.1M
CPU: 1.019s
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
└─53736 /usr/sbin/mariadbd
root@vps:~#
Run the command below to secure your database server,
mysql_secure_installation
Using the above command, you can do the following,
Set root password.
Remove anonymous users.
Disable remote login for root user.
Remove test database and access to it.
You can log in as your root user and set up a regular user and a database.
mysql -u root -p
Output:
root@vps:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 39
Server version: 10.11.3-MariaDB-1 Debian 12
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
And to exit from the Database, just run the following:
EXIT
Install Apache Web Server
Apache is one of the most commonly used web server. You can install by running the below command,
apt install -y apache2 apache2-utils
Output:
root@vps:~# apt install -y apache2 apache2-utils
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
apache2-bin apache2-data libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libcurl4 liblua5.3-0 ssl-cert
Check apache build and version
apache2 -v
Output:
root@vps:~# apache2 -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.57 (Debian)
Server built: 2023-04-13T03:26:51
root@vps:~#
Check service status.
systemctl status apache2
Output:
root@vps:~# systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-06-12 22:51:38 UTC; 1min 0s ago
Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
Main PID: 54351 (apache2)
Tasks: 55 (limit: 4675)
Memory: 21.0M
CPU: 110ms
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─54351 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─54353 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─54354 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
root@vps:~#
Enable/allow HTTP and HTTPS ports ( 80/443 ):
To enable http and https, you need to install UFW firewall,
apt install ufw -y
Output:
root@vps:~# apt install ufw
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
iptables libip6tc2 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnfnetlink0
Suggested packages:
firewalld
Enable HTTP and HTTPS connection through firewall, follow the commads:
And since this is the first time, we’ve installed UFW and allowing ports, we would also need to allow SSH port for SSH connections.
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow ssh
Enable and reload the firewall using below command,
ufw enable
ufw reload
Output:
root@vps:~# ufw enable
Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
root@vps:~# ufw reload
Firewall reloaded
root@vps:~#
Restart service when a change is made && enable the service to start at boot.
systemctl reload apache2
systemctl enable apache2
Open server IP address on your browser(http://) to see default Apache page.
Example:
Install PHP
Follow the below steps to install PHP on the server,